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There is no legal requirement to wear goggles or have a visor, although it is recommended that you do. If you do so, they must conform to:
A British Standard and display a BSI Kitemark
Grade X in British Standard BS 4110:1979, Grades XA, YA or ZA in British Standard BS 4110:1979
The British Standards Institution have superseded BS 4110:1979 with BS 4110:1999 for visors and BS EN 1938 for goggles.
Visors approved to BS 4110:1999 would also satisfy BS 4110:1979 and its amendments.
BS EN 1938 is the national derivative of the harmonised European standard prepared for the Council Directive 89/686/EEC as amended.
A European standard which offers a level of safety and protection at least equivalent to the British Standard and carry a mark equivalent to the BSI Kitemark (ECE 22-05 scroll down to 22 for a downloadable pdf copy)
Visors may also be sold if they comply with any standard accepted by an EEA State which offers a level of protection which is equivalent to (i.e. the same as, or better than) British Standard BS 4110:1979 and are marked with a certification mark which is equivalent to the British Standard Kitemark.
In the case of goggles also look for approval to Council Directive 89/686/EEC as amended by 93/68/EEC and 96/58/EEC. (They will be marked with a 'CE' mark).
Eye protectors first used before 1st of April 1989 and fitted with lenses designed to correct a sight defect, transmit 50% or more of visible light and do not fly into fragments if fractured may also be used.
If you use a visor or goggles, they must be approved to one of the appropriate standards above. Those visors marked "Daytime Use Only" or having the symbol with the same meaning (example below) should only be used in daytime.
NB. Visors that transmit less than 50% of visible light do not fully comply with any of the standards above and can not legally be used on the road.